Chu S.; Handley V.; Cooper S.R

De Transcription | Bibliothèque patrimoniale numérique Mines ParisTech
Révision datée du 18 novembre 2025 à 13:03 par WallaceGann (discussion | contributions)
(diff) ← Version précédente | Voir la version actuelle (diff) | Version suivante → (diff)
Aller à : navigation, rechercher

system1.com
In psychology, context-dependent memory is the improved recall of particular episodes or info when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the identical. In a simpler method, "when occasions are represented in memory, contextual information is stored along with memory targets; the context can due to this fact cue memories containing that contextual information". One notably frequent instance of context-dependence at work occurs when an individual has misplaced an merchandise (e.g. lost car keys) in an unknown location. Typically, individuals attempt to systematically "retrace their steps" to determine all the possible locations the place the item is perhaps located. Based mostly on the function that context performs in figuring out recall, it isn't at all stunning that individuals often fairly simply uncover the lost merchandise upon returning to the right context. This idea is heavily related to the encoding specificity precept. This example best describes the concept of context-dependent forgetting. Nonetheless, the research literature on context-dependent memory describes plenty of various kinds of contextual information that may affect recall similar to environmental context-dependent memory, state-dependent learning, cognitive context-dependent memory and temper-congruent memory.



Analysis has also proven that context-dependence might play an important function in quite a few situations, such as memory for studied material, or occasions which have occurred following the consumption of alcohol or different medication. A few of the earliest research on this matter was conducted by researchers within the 1930s who analyzed how adjustments in context have an effect on an individual's memory for nonsense syllables. These early studies have been unable to exhibit an impact of context-dependent memory. Such non-vital results inspired the event of recent strategies, reminiscent of a retroactive interference paradigm, neural entrainment audio to research the impact of context on memory. By the 1950s, this technique was used to show an impact of contextual information on memory recall. However, the validity of utilizing this explicit paradigm has been questioned. Certainly, much of the early literature on this matter failed to offer conclusive evidence of any context-dependent results on memory. By the end of the 1970s, numerous successful demonstrations of a context-dependent effect seem in the literature.



As early as 1971, Jensen et al. In a similar timeframe, Endel Tulving and Donald Thompson proposed their extremely influential 'encoding specificity precept', which supplied the first framework for Memory Wave understanding how contextual info impacts memory and recall. In 1975, the question of whether contextual information influences memory recall was famously investigated with the publication of Godden and Baddeley's paper detailing the nicely-recognized 'diving study'. Just a few years previous to the publication of this research, researchers demonstrated that the memory of deep sea divers for events witnessed underwater was reduced after resurfacing. The authors word of their 1975 paper that this incidental consequence immediately prompt a potential influence of the contextual atmosphere (being underwater) on recall. To test this hypothesis, Godden and Baddeley had divers study and neural entrainment audio recall word lists in two separate environments; underneath water and on dry land. Their results demonstrated that memory for phrase lists discovered underneath water was higher when recall sessions occurred beneath water as nicely, and that a congruent effect existed for phrases learned and Memory Wave recalled on land.



In simplified form: changing the context between encoding and retrieval reduced the divers' potential to recall discovered words. The publication of this study doubtless initiated the present synthesis of context-dependent memory as it's studied by psychologists right this moment. It's price mentioning that sure scholars imagine the English Philosopher John Locke referenced context-dependent memory in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, which dates again to the 17th century. In this publishing, Locke wrote about a man studying a dance routine in a room containing an previous wooden trunk. After enough follow, the man realized to avoid the wood trunk to forestall himself from tripping during mentioned dance routine. A number of things are thought to have an effect on how contextual data interacts with memory recall. Similarly, this meta-evaluation suggests that reinstatement of context can be achieved not solely by bodily returning to the encoding setting, but also by mentally visualizing that setting. This study thought of solely environmental context-dependence. Additionally, different psychological constructs recommend additional limits on how context can have an effect on memory.